Cherry plum - miniature plum

Pin
Send
Share
Send

Cherry plum is translated from the Azerbaijani language as "small plum." Currently, it can be found in the gardens almost more often than a plum. A large selection of varieties with a high degree of winter hardiness makes it possible to obtain regular and abundant harvests not only in the south, but also in central Russia, in the Northwest and Siberia.

Short description of cherry plum

Cherry plum is a species of the genus plum family pink. In the wild grows like a shrub or multi-stem tree. The height of the specimens is different, depending on the species, it can be from 2 to 13 m. The leaves are green, rounded, with a pointed tip. In spring, plants are strewn with white or pinkish flowers. Cherry plum is an excellent honey plant. The fruit is a fleshy drupe of a round, oblate or slightly elongated shape and of various sizes (from 12 to 90 g). Coloring can vary from light yellow to almost black. Cherry plum is a very early crop, most varieties yield crops already in the 2-3rd year. This affects the life of the plant - only 25-35 years.

The fruits are low-calorie, some 34 kcal per 100 g. They contain many vitamins and minerals, as well as pectins and organic acids. Low sugar content allows the use of cherry plum in diet food, including for cardiovascular diseases, as it contains a lot of potassium. Fruits do not cause allergic reactions and may be included in the children's diet. In the food industry, plums get juices, jams, fruit candy and much more.

Main types

Plum splayed, which means wild species and plum cherry-like, combining cultural forms - all this is cherry plum. It is divided into subspecies that differ markedly from each other:

  • Cherry plum Caucasian (typical). These are wild shrubs or trees common in Asia Minor, the Caucasus and the Balkans. The fruits are most often yellow, but sometimes they are also found in dark colors. Their size is small, from 6 to 8 g. Plants form thickets in the mountains and foothills.
  • Cherry plum eastern. Distributed in Afghanistan and Iran. It differs from the Caucasian in smaller fruits. The taste is dominated by acidity and light astringency. The skin color is different, from light yellow to dark purple.
  • Cherry plum is large-fruited. It combines cultural forms that are not the last in the gardens. Conventionally, they can be divided into varieties by region of cultivation. Centuries of folk selection gave us Crimean cherry plum with large sweet and sour fruits and Georgian, more acidic and tart, from which the famous Tkemali sauce is obtained. Very decorative Tauride leaf (pissard). This cherry plum is widely used in landscape design, its fruits are also very tasty. There is also Iranian and Armenian.

Photo gallery: varieties of cherry plum

Column-shaped cherry plum

The variety was obtained by G.V. Yeremin in the Crimea. It is a small tree 2-2.5 m high with a very compact crown, which in diameter does not exceed 0.7-1.2 m. It does not have pronounced skeletal branches. Fruits are evenly located on small shoots and literally cling to them. In shape, they are spherical, large (40 g), with red or red-purple skin and a waxy coating. Berries of a pleasant sour-sweet taste with a characteristic aroma and a small semi-detached stone.

Column-shaped cherry plum is very fruitful

A feature of this variety is that it wakes up in the spring later than other types of cherry plum and begins to bloom. This avoids the defeat of spring frosts. Harvest ripens in the first half of August. High frost resistance of the variety makes it possible to grow it in regions with harsh climatic conditions, and resistance to diseases makes the Column-shaped cherry plum even more attractive for gardeners. But there are minuses too - this is self-fertility. The plant needs a pollinator.

Yellow cherry plum

Varieties of cherry plum with yellow fruits are known a lot. Their color has a wide palette: from lemon to orange. They contain more carotene than red or purple.

Table: Characteristics of varieties of yellow plum plum

GradePlant sizeRipening periodCharacteristic Note
HuckMiddle layerLateFruits are large (28 g), yellow with a blush, sweet and sour. The bone separates poorly. Productivity is high. Resistant to disease. Winter hardiness is average. Fruits in the 3rd yearSelf-infertile
Gift to St. PetersburgMiddle layerEarlyFruits are yellowish-orange, small (10 g), sweet and sour, juicySelf-infertile
SoniekaLow (up to 3 m)Mid-lateFruits are large (40 g), yellow, sweet and sour. Resistant to disease. Winter hardiness is average. Fruits in the 2-3rd yearSelf-infertile
SunTallAverageThe fruits are yellow, medium in size, with good taste. The bone separates well. Fruits in the 3rd yearSelf-infertile, prone to shedding fruit
AvalancheMiddle layerAverageFruits are yellow with a blush, large (30 g), sweet and sour, fragrant. The bone separates well. Winter hardiness is high. Disease resistantSelf-infertile
OrioleMiddle layerAverageFruits are bright yellow, medium (20 g), sweet and sour, aromatic. Winter hardiness is high. Resistant to disease. Fruits in the 3-4th yearSelf-infertile
Byron GoldMiddle layerLateThe fruits are large (80 g), golden yellow, juicy and sweet. Winter hardiness is high. Disease resistantSelf-fertile
PramenMiddle layerEarlyFruits are bright yellow (25 g), juicy, sweet. Medium Disease ResistancePartially self-fertile
HoneyVigorous (up to 5 m)EarlyThe fruits are large (40 g), yellow, juicy, fragrant, sweet and with a slight acidity. The bone is poorly separated. Winter hardiness is good. Drought tolerantSelf-infertile
VitbaWeakAverageFruits are yellow with a blush (25 g), juicy, sweet. Winter hardiness is good. Disease resistantSelf-fertile
Crimean (Kiziltash) earlyLowEarlyFruits are yellow with a strong blush (15 g), sweet. The bone is semi-detachable. High yields-

Photo Gallery: yellow plum varieties of cherry plum

Large plum cherry plum

Large-fruited fruits have an attractive presentation and are considered the most delicious. Cherry plum is no exception. Years of breeding work have led to the production of many varieties with fruit sizes from 25-30 g and above. A feature of such plants is that flower buds are laid on annual growths. Since the yield of cherry plum is high, the branches, under the weight of the fruit, are very bent away and can break off from the trunk.

Table: Characterization of varieties of large plum cherry plum

GradePlant sizeRipening period Characteristic Note
CleopatraTallAverageThe fruits are dark purple (37 g), sweet and sour. The pulp is reddish. Winter hardiness is good. Begins to bear fruit in the 4th yearPartially self-fertile
PlentifulMiddle layerAverageThe fruits are dark purple (47 g), the flesh is yellow, sweet and sour taste. Harvest. Winter hardiness is averageSelf-infertile
PeachHigh (up to 6 m)AverageFruits are large, maroon, sweet. They taste like peach. The bone separates well. Winter hardiness is good. Fruits in the 2-3rd year. Disease resistantSelf-infertile
The generalMiddle layerAverageThe fruits are dark red (50 g), sweet and sour. Good yieldsLow winter hardiness
ChukMiddle layerAverageThe fruits are dark red (30 g), sweet and sour. Frost resistance is average. Resistant to disease. Fruits in the 3-4th yearSelf-infertile
MashaMiddle layerAverageThe fruits are dark brown (50 g), the flesh is light yellow, sweet, with acidity. The bone separates well. Winter hardiness is good. Fruits in the 3rd yearSelf-infertile. Fruits are prone to cracking
Red ballMiddle layerAverageFruits are red (40 g), the flesh is light pink, juicy, sweet and sour. Semi-detachable stoneSelf-infertile
AngelinaLow (up to 3 m)LateThe fruits are dark purple (90 g), sweet and sour taste. The bone separates well. Winter hardiness is high. Fruits in the 3rd year. Medium Disease ResistantSelf-infertile
Black velvetMiddle layerAverageHybrid cherry plum and apricot. Dark purple fruits (30 g), with pubescence. Pulp of sweet and sour taste, with apricot aroma, orange-
Black lateMiddle layerLateThe fruits are almost black (25 g), sweet-spicy, with a semi-detachable stone. Used for the manufacture of prunes. High winter hardiness-
Black largeMiddle layerLateThe fruits are chestnut-black (35 g), pleasant taste, with red flesh. Good winter hardiness-
SigmaLowAverageFruits are light, reddish yellow (35 g), sweet and sour taste. The bone is poorly separated. Winter hardiness is good. Begins to bear fruit in the 2-3rd year. Good disease resistanceSelf-infertile
PrincessStunted-Fruits are red (30 g), sweet and sour taste. The bone does not separate. High frost resistance and disease resistance. Begins to bear fruit in the 2-3rd year-
SissyStuntedAverageFruits are red (30 g), yellow flesh, sweet and sour taste. The bone is free. Good winter hardiness. Fruiting occurs on the 4th-5th year. Relative disease resistancePartial autonomy. Prone to shedding
PrincessStuntedAverageFruits are dark blue almost black (20 g), the flesh is pinkish-orange, sweet. The bone separates well. Winter hardiness and disease resistance are high. Fruits in the 2-3rd yearSelf-infertile
the globeMiddle layerMid earlyFruits are large (55 g), purple, sweet and sour. Productivity is high. Resistant to fungal diseasesSelf-infertile

Large-fruited varieties also include:

  • Nesmeyana (30 g);
  • Marquee (40 g);
  • Ruby (30 g);
  • Duduka (35 g);
  • Llama (40 g).

These are also some yellow-colored varieties:

  • Sonya (40 g);
  • Avalanche (30 g);
  • Byron Gold (80 g);
  • Honey (40 g).

Photo gallery: large-fruited varieties of cherry plum

Cherry plum

Cherry plum varieties with dark red or purple leaves have long been known in Iran, the Black Sea region and other southern regions. They are very decorative and were used not only as fruit plants, but also to decorate gardens and parks. Red-leaf varieties are highly resistant to diseases and pests. Not so long ago, it was possible to grow such forms only in the south, but breeders have bred varieties that feel great in Siberia and the Khabarovsk Territory.

Table: characteristics of red-leaved varieties of cherry plum

GradePlant sizeRipening period CharacteristicNote
LlamaUndersized (2 m)AverageThe fruits are dark red (40 g), sweet and sour. High winter hardiness. Resistant to disease. Fruits in the 2-3rd yearSelf-infertile
DudukTallAverageFruits are burgundy (35 g), sweet, with sourness. Winter hardiness is highLow drought tolerance
HollywoodMiddle layerEarlyFruits are red (35 g), with a yellowish-pink flesh, sweet and sour. The bone separates well. Winter hardiness is good. Fruits in the 5th year-
PissardiTallAverageThe fruits are medium-sized, sour. Winter hardiness is average. Resistant to disease and drought-

Photo gallery: red-leaved varieties of cherry plum

Self-fertile cherry plum

Most species of cherry plum are self-infertile. For regular and stable fruiting of this crop, several varieties must be planted. But if the site is small, but you want to have a variety of fruit plants, then self-fertile varieties are preferred. By the efforts of breeders, such types of cherry plum are now available to gardeners and are in demand among them. But it is noted that if a related species grows nearby, then the yield of self-fertile cherry plum increases markedly.

Table: Characterization of varieties of self-fertile cherry plum

GradePlant sizeRipening period CharacteristicNote
Vladimir cometMiddle layerEarlyThe fruits are burgundy, large, sweet and sour. The pulp is orange. Frost resistance is high. Resistant to disease. Fruits in the 2-3rd yearSelf-fertile
MaraMiddle layerEarlyFruits are yellow-orange, sweet, do not fall when ripe. Winter hardiness is good. Disease resistantSelf-fertile
Late cometMiddle layerAverageThe fruits are large, burgundy, sweet and sour with orange flesh. The bone is detachable. Winter hardiness and disease resistance highSelf-fertile
Kuban cometStuntedEarlyFruits are burgundy (30 g), sweet and sour, aromatic. The pulp is yellow. The bone does not separate. Winter hardiness is above average. Relative disease resistanceSelf-fertile

Partially self-fertile are also varieties:

  • Ruby
  • Pramen;
  • Cleopatra
  • Sissy.

Photo gallery: self-fertile cherry plum varieties

Early cherry plum

The early varieties of cherry plum begin to ripen from late June to mid July, when there is still little fresh fruit and berries. Such fruiting periods are suitable for regions with severe climatic conditions, where cooling in August is not uncommon, and in September there may already be frost.

Table: characteristics of early varieties of cherry plum

GradePlant sizeRipening period CharacteristicNote
TravelerMiddle layerEarlyThe fruits are dark red (18.5 g), sweet and sour, with a characteristic aroma and orange flesh. The bone separates poorly. Winter hardiness is high. Medium disease resistanceSelf-fertile
NesmeyanaTallEarlyFruits of pink color (30 g), juicy, sweet. Winter hardiness is good. Fruits in the 4th yearSelf-infertile, may crumble
MarqueeWeakEarlyFruits of burgundy color (40 g), sweet and sour taste. Yellow flesh with a faint aroma. Winter hardiness is good. Relative disease resistanceSelf-infertile
EugeneMiddle layerEarlyThe fruits are dark red (29 g), sweet and sour taste. Dry, orange flesh. Winter hardiness is good. Resistance to diseases is average. Begins to bear fruit in the 3rd year-
RubyMiddle layerEarlyFruits are bright burgundy (30 g), sweet. The pulp is yellow. Good frost and drought toleranceSelf-fertile
VictoryMiddle layerEarlyThe fruits are dark cherry, large, tasty, with yellow flesh. Winter hardiness is good. Medium Disease Resistant-
PurpleMiddle layerEarlyThe fruits are medium, dark red in color, sweet and sour, with orange and juicy pulp. Average winter hardiness and drought tolerance-

Photo gallery: early varieties of cherry plum

Variety selection by region

A wide variety of cherry plum varieties puts gardeners, especially beginners, in a difficult position. So that money and time are not wasted, you should not pay attention only to the size and color of the fruit, although this is also an important criterion. First of all, the climatic features of a particular region should be taken into account. For example, planting southern varieties in Siberia, with a high degree of probability, will lead to failure.

The following varieties are suitable for certain regions:

  • Kuban. Fertile soils and mild climate make it possible to get abundant harvests of various crops. As a joke, they say that a stick stuck in the ground in the Kuban will bloom and bear fruit. It is not far from the truth. Varieties of both low and high winter hardiness grow equally well in this region. There are no restrictions on ripening. Autumn in these parts comes late, often keeps warm even in November, so the latest varieties have time to fully ripen. Fit:
    • Huck;
    • The globe;
    • Traveler;
    • Plentiful;
    • Marquee;
    • Eugene;
    • Chuck;
    • Sun;
    • Honey, etc.
  • Voronezh and other areas of the Black Earth region. Winter weather here is not stable. Frosts can be replaced by thaws. Summer is hot and dry. Precipitation is not enough. When choosing varieties of cherry plum, such characteristics as resistance to lack of moisture and frost resistance not lower than average should be taken into account. Later varieties in the region have time to fully mature. Fit:
    • Duduk;
    • Traveler;
    • Cleopatra
    • Nesmeyana;
    • Ruby
    • Byron Gold;
    • Victory;
    • Honey, etc.
  • The middle strip of Russia. This region is characterized by snowy winters with moderate temperatures (-8 ... -12aboutFROM). Sometimes there are severe frosts, but they are short-lived. The summer period is warm (+ 22 ... +28aboutC) with enough rainfall. Heat more than +30aboutC can hold for several days. Spring is usually long. Thaws alternate with frost, which affects plants with a short growing season. Flower buds are damaged. Fogs and rainfall are frequent in the fall. In October, snow may already fall, but in September it is still warm, so late cherry plum varieties have time to mature. Fit:
    • Black velvet;
    • Victory;
    • Oriole;
    • Masha;
    • Sonia
    • General
    • Plentiful;
    • Nesmeyana;
    • Traveler and others
  • Northwest of Russia. It has cold winters and warm summers with high humidity. Affects the proximity of the sea. Frequent thaws in January and February, as, for example, in the Leningrad and Pskov regions, contribute to the freezing or death of plants that have a short rest period. There is a lot of snow, but it can melt during prolonged thaws. Spring is long, with return frosts. Summer is warm and humid. The number of hot days (more than +30aboutC) can be counted on the fingers. Autumn begins early, often already in mid-September is cool. For growing cherry plums in this region, it is better to give preference to early and medium varieties. Fit:
    • Traveler;
    • Gift to St. Petersburg;
    • Cleopatra
    • Lama
    • Vladimir comet;
    • Ruby
    • Angelina
    • Vitba et al.
  • Ukraine. The mild climate and chernozem soil are favorable for the cultivation of many types of fruit crops. Cherry plum coexists in local gardens next to cherries and apple trees. Tauride red-leaved Pissardi has long been widely used in the Black Sea region for decorative planting. There are practically no severe frosts in the winter. Summer is hot, in the southern regions - arid. Autumn often keeps warm until mid-November. Spring comes quickly, by the end of April trees can already bloom. In this region you can plant cherry plum with average winter hardiness and any ripening period. Fit:
    • Crimean early;
    • Sigma;
    • Black large;
    • Honey
    • Masha;
    • Chuck;
    • General
    • Eugene;
    • Abundant, etc.
  • Moscow region. Winter thaws are frequent in this region, sometimes long, which negatively affects plants with a short growing season. Summer is hot and arid, but it can be cold and rainy. There is a lot of rainfall in the fall, and often from the second half of September the temperature drops markedly. Varieties with good winter hardiness are suitable for the Moscow region. In terms of ripening, it is better to choose early, medium or early late (the first decade of September). Fit:
    • Sissy;
    • Duduk;
    • Black velvet;
    • Victory;
    • Pramen;
    • Ruby
    • Vladimir comet;
    • Sonia
    • Nesmeyana;
    • Cleopatra, etc.
  • Belarus. The climate in the republic is mild, without severe differences. Winters are snowy, but frosts are moderate. Summer is warm with frequent rainfall. Autumn is short and snow may fall in mid-October. A large number of forests in Belarus keeps air humidity and prevents strong winds. Garden plants here are well developed and bear fruit, including such southern species as grapes and cherries. Cherry plum with good winter hardiness and ripening period no later than the first decade of September is suitable for planting here. It:
    • Sissy;
    • Princess;
    • Victory;
    • Angelina
    • Byron Gold;
    • Ruby
    • Mara
    • Vetraz;
    • Lodva
    • Vitba;
    • Lama
  • Ural. Due to the large extent of the region from north to south, the climate is very diverse: from the tundra to the steppe. In summer, the temperature difference between the northern and southern regions is significant: from +6 to +22 aboutC, and in winter it differs less, respectively: -22 and -16aboutC. Severe frosts (over -40aboutC) there are, but they do not last long. The duration of the warm period also varies from north to south from 1.5 to 4.5 months, respectively. Regions of the Central (Sverdlovsk and Tyumen) and Southern (Chelyabinsk and Kurgan) Urals are most suitable for growing fruit crops in open ground. High frost resistance and small size of the plant (2-3 m) will help him tolerate winter. Maturing dates are not the last value. For the central regions, it is better to opt for early and medium varieties, while in the south, early and medium late varieties will ripen (from early to mid-September). They will delight you with delicious fruits:
    • Gift to St. Petersburg;
    • Lama
    • Vladimir comet;
    • Avalanche;
    • Oriole;
    • Princess;
    • Princess
    • Duduk;
    • Pride of the Urals.
  • Bashkiria. The territory of the republic is located in the continental climate zone, so the winter here is cold, with rare and short thaws. The summer is warm, the heat is more than +30aboutC in these parts is not uncommon, since streams of hot air come from the steppes of the Orenburg region and Kazakhstan. Autumn comes early, it happens that the snow falls in the second half of September, but most often - in October. In the spring, by the end of April, the land is completely cleared of winter cover. By the number of sunny days in a year, Bashkiria overtakes the southern city of Kislovodsk. This allows you to successfully grow many fruit crops. To get a good cherry plum crop, it is important to pay attention to the winter hardiness of the plant and its resistance to drought. Ripening dates are better to choose early, medium and no later than the beginning of September. Suitable varieties of Ural breeding, as well as:
    • Princess
    • Black velvet;
    • Princess;
    • Vitba;
    • Victory;
    • Angelina
    • Byron Gold;
    • Avalanche;
    • Vladimir comet, etc.
  • Siberia. The vast expanses of this region have climatic differences. In Western Siberia (from the Urals to the Yenisei), air masses from the Arctic Ocean are cool in summer, and in winter the weather is clear and frosty due to the dry air from Central Asia (Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan). Most precipitation falls in summer and autumn. Snow cover lies throughout. Warm time in the central regions of Western Siberia lasts about 5 months, and about 7 in the south. Spring and autumn are included in this period. Temperatures vary in the north and south from -30 to -16aboutWith winter and from +20 to +1aboutWith the summer, respectively. Eastern Siberia (from the Yenisei to the Pacific Ocean) is famous for its harsh climate. Air masses from Asia bring dry air, so in winter the weather is frosty and clear. In summer, cold air flows from the Arctic and wet from the Pacific Ocean come here. The average temperature varies from north to south in winter from -50aboutFrom (in Yakutia) to -18aboutC (south of the Krasnoyarsk Territory) and in the summer from +1aboutC to + 18aboutC, respectively. In the central and southern regions of the region, heat (together with spring and autumn) lasts from 1.5 to 4 months. All this greatly limits the choice of cherry plum varieties for outdoor cultivation. Seedlings should have high winter hardiness and be only early or medium ripening. Fit:
    • Duduk;
    • Princess
    • Black late;
    • Princess;
    • Oriole;
    • Masha;
    • Avalanche;
    • Vladimir comet;
    • Maroon;
    • Vika;
    • Wondrous;
    • Zaryanka;
    • Katunskaya and others

Reviews

Angelina is a hybrid of cherry plum and Chinese plum. Today it is the longest stored variety without freezing. In the refrigerator (at tº 0 + 2ºС) fruits are stored for 2-3 months. Interestingly, during storage, Angelina’s palatability improves. The pulp is greenish-yellow, juicy, sweet and sour taste, the bone is very small. Removable maturity occurs in the second half of September. He needs a pollinator.

sergey 54

//lozavrn.ru/index.php/topic,780.msg28682.html?PHPSESSID=b351s3n0bef808ihl3ql7e1c51#msg28682

My Black Velvet was bought by a seedling. Bloomed in the second year. Color dropped. And last year, about 1 / 4-1 / 5 of the flowers were pollinated by something. At least 10 varieties of cherry plum blossomed: Kuban comet (nearby), Traveler (4 meters), Gift to St. Petersburg and vaccinations on them (Tsarskaya, Sarmatka, Apricot, General, Timiryazevskaya, Chernushka, Donchanka early, July rose). Last year, they sent a Black Prince sapling, bought Black Velvet as a candidate for pollinators (or vice versa, how it goes).

IRIS

//www.vinograd7.ru/forum/viewtopic.php?f=47&t=407&start=150

Gift of St. Petersburg. The taste, of course, is not enchanting. Especially when a little immature. But if in full maturity, then a very decent cream. The bone in the mouth comes off easily and spits out. Of course, in the south it is uninteresting, but north of Moscow, taking into account winter hardiness, the variety is very useful.

Andrey Vasiliev

//www.forumhouse.ru/threads/261664/page-2

Cherry plum has a number of advantages that gardeners should pay attention to. She is unpretentious, caring for her does not take much time. This is a very early crop. In the second or third year, the first fruits appear, and after a couple of years, it gives a significant crop, rich in vitamins and minerals. Breeders bred frost-resistant varieties for regions with a harsh climate. All this allows you to grow this wonderful plant almost everywhere where there are orchards. Plant cherry plum in you, and you will not regret it.

Pin
Send
Share
Send